◆いっちんクラブは「堺自然ふれあいの森」の「樹林管理活動,環境学習活動,農業体験活動や生き物調査」等を行っているＮＰＯ法人です。堺いきいき市民大学の体験講座として樹林管理活動の「間伐と下草刈り」体験をしました。「堺自然ふれあいの森」の樹木は種まきや植林が行われていない森林で,雑木林が時間をかけて森林に移行したものです。「ふれあいの森」では、周辺環境を踏まえ「自然環境の保護,復元と活用」を目指し、里山の保全と生物多様性の保護、リクレーションや教育の場としての利用を目標とされていました。
◆里山の管理では雑木林の伐採が基本です。伐採されない雑木林は再生サイクルが行われず林が若返りません。地面に落ちた葉が厚く積もり、落ち葉の下に菌の層が発達し「種」が発芽し難くなります。その為、落ち葉かきは欠かせません特に冬が適しています。
◆森林の復元再生には萌芽(ほうが)の生育に支障となる雑草木を取除く事です。これは保全する草木や樹木が再生するまで繰返し行なわれます。下草刈りは春から夏が適しており、ネザサの繁殖している雑木林は「光」が入り難く成る為、地面と平行になる程度に刈込む必要があります。
ネザサ刈り後
◆伐採した切株からは翌春たくさんの萌芽枝(ひこばえ)が出てどんどん成長します。ひこばえ(萌芽枝)は太くて丈夫なのもを残し本数を減らします(減らす事を「もやかき」と言い秋から冬が適しています)。
体験学習で倒木した樹木
ノコギリで切取った受け口側
◆伐採では伐倒の方向にロープで誘導し倒す側に「受け口」を先に作り反対側に追い口のノコギリを入れて行きます。倒れそうに成ると「ビッキビッキ」「バッキバッキ」等の前兆を示す音が発し徐々に倒れて行きます。
伐倒の仕方
業者が倒木した切り口
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